Introduction: In several epidemiological studies it could be shown that the mortality risk for workers compensated for silicosis is increased by about a factor of two above that of the general population. This holds also for workers from the stone & quarry and the ceramics industries in Germany. The aim of the present investigation is to attempt to classify workers into risk groups. Method: 440 workers from the stone and quarry industry who had received compensation for silicosis between 1988 and 2000 were registered and followed up until the end of 2001. Results: During the follow-up period 144 of the 440 workers died (SMR = 1.94). Large differences in mortality rates for the different jobs were observed. The SMR ranged from 0.81 to 3.20 (p = 0.11). Besides age at compensation, only smoking could be identified as a statistically significant prognostic factor. The analysis did not provide any evidence of an association between exposure to respirable quartz dust and mortality. Conclusion: In workers compensated for silicosis the only significant predictive factors are age and reduction in working capacity at compensation, and smoking, but not the level of exposure to quartz dust. In order to reduce the mortality risk, the incidence of silicosis has to be reduced by setting adequate exposure limits and, in the case of persons with silicosis, advice to stop smoking.