Neuro-enhancement is a relatively new research area devoted to the improvement of cognitive function in healthy persons. The advocates of this approach hope to improve attention and cognition and thus productivity. Hundreds of drugs are under discussion as possible enhancers or “smart drugs”. At present psychostimulants and modafinil seem to have the most clinical relevance. Results of a survey launched by the German health insurance company, DAK, indicate that many employees already “dope” themselves. As well as the ethical and clinical problems, the considerable abuse potential of “neuro-enhancers” and other psychiatric risks are discussed.
