Pruritus is an independent, unpleasant sensation of the skin accompanied by the insatiable desire to scratch. It mainly occurs along with many forms of dermatosis and can be a symptom of systemic diseases such as e.g. renal or liver and biliary tract diseases. It can be found during pregnancy, mostly in connection with pregnancy dermatosis. Drug-induced pruritus needs to be borne in mind. Severe pruritus can occur in various neurological and psychiatric diseases. Severe and especially chronic pruritus, like chronic pain, can reduce the patient’s general condition and quality of life. The pathophysiology of pruritus is still unclear, but significant new insights have been gained over the last 7 years. This has encouraged the development of new and promising therapeutic concepts. The therapy of pruritus, including topical and systemic drugs as well as UV phototherapy, depends on the underlying aetiology of the pruritus, the severity of the disease and the individual skin condition. This review highlights new findings in clinical medicine, pathophysiology and therapy.